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| demonym = | government_type = Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Zoran Milanović | leader_title3 = Speaker of Parliament | leader_name3 = Josip Leko | leader_title4 = Chief Justice | leader_name4 = Jasna Omejec | legislature = Sabor | established_event1 = Duchy | established_date1 = 8th century | established_event2 = Kingdom | established_date2 = | established_event3 = Personal union with Hungary | established_date3 = 1102 | established_event4 = Joined Habsburg Monarchy | established_date4 = 1 January 1527 | established_event5 = Secession from Austria-Hungary | established_date5 = 29 October 1918 | established_event6 = Creation of Yugoslavia | established_date6 = 4 December 1918 | established_event7 = Decision on independence | established_date7 = 25 June 1991 | established_event8 = EU accession | established_date8 = 1 July 2013 | area_rank = 126th | area_km2 = 56594 | area_sq_mi = 21851 | percent_water = 1.09 | population_census = 4,284,889 | population_census_year = 2011 | population_census_rank = 128th | population_density_km2 = 75.8 | population_density_sq_mi = 196.3 | population_density_rank = 126th | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP = $89.357 billion〔 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $20,873〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal = $59.911 billion〔 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $13,994〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2014 )〕 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = 2012 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini = 30.5 | Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12 )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = steady | HDI = 0.812 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 47th | currency = Kuna | currency_code = HRK | time_zone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | drives_on = right | calling_code = +385 | ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = HR | ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = CRO | ISO_3166-1_num = 191 | vehicle_code = HR | alt_sport_code = CRO | aircraft_code = 9A | cctld = .hra | footnote_a = The .eu domain is also used, as in other European Union member states. }} Croatia ( ; (クロアチア語:Hrvatska) ), officially the Republic of Croatia (, ), is a sovereign state at the crossroads of Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean. Its capital city is Zagreb, which forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with its twenty counties. Croatia covers and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.28 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism. The Croats arrived in the area of present-day Croatia during the early part of the 7th century AD. They organised the state into two duchies by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the unrecognised State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs which seceded from Austria-Hungary and merged into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A fascist Croatian puppet state existed during World War II. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of Second Yugoslavia, a constitutionally socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration. A unitary state, Croatia is a republic governed under a parliamentary system. The International Monetary Fund classified Croatia as an emerging and developing economy, and the World Bank identified it as a high-income economy. Croatia is a member of the European Union (EU), United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe, NATO, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean. As an active participant in the UN peacekeeping forces, Croatia has contributed troops to the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan and took a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008–2009 term. The service sector dominates Croatia's economy, followed by the industrial sector and agriculture. Tourism is a significant source of revenue during the summer, with Croatia ranked the 18th most popular tourist destination in the world. The state controls a part of the economy, with substantial government expenditure. The European Union is Croatia's most important trading partner. Since 2000, the Croatian government has invested in infrastructure, especially transport routes and facilities along the Pan-European corridors. Internal sources produce a significant portion of energy in Croatia; the rest is imported. Croatia provides a universal health care system and free primary and secondary education, while supporting culture through numerous public institutions and through corporate investments in media and publishing. ==Etymology== The name of Croatia derives from Medieval Latin ''Croātia'' – compare ''DUX CRUATORVM'' ("Duke of the Croats") attested in the Branimir inscription – itself a derivation of North-West Slavic '' *Xrovat-'', by liquid metathesis from proposed Common Slavic period '' *Xorvat-'', from proposed Proto-Slavic '' *Xarwāt-'' ('' *Xъrvatъ'') or '' *Xŭrvatŭ'' ('' *xъrvatъ''). The origin of the name is uncertain, but is thought to be a Gothic or Indo-Aryan term assigned to a Slavic tribe. The oldest preserved record of the Croatian ethnonym *xъrvatъ is of variable stem, attested in the Baška tablet in style ''zvъnъmirъ kralъ xrъvatъskъ'' ("Zvonimir, Croatian king"). The first attestation of the Latin term is attributed to a charter of Duke Trpimir from the year 852. The original is lost, and just a 1568 copy is preserved—leading to doubts over the authenticity of the claim.〔Mužić (2007), p. 27〕 The oldest preserved stone inscription is the 9th-century Branimir Inscription (found near Benkovac), where Duke Branimir is styled as ''Dux Cruatorvm''. The inscription is not believed to be dated accurately, but is likely to be from during the period of 879-892, during Branimir's rule.〔Mužić (2007), pp. 195–198〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Croatia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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